24 Dec 2021

Community Yoga Protocol.developed for DST SATYAM Project by the team.of Vivekananda Kendra nardep

Community yoga Protocol for Elders for promoting Innate Immunity

1.0.            Background : Vivekananda Kendra is involved in promoting yoga as a way of life for all age categories. It has mooted proposal for Department of Science and Technology to work on the Community yoga Protocol for Elders for promoting Innate Immunity in advancing his social capital work. The project period is for 6 months starting from April 2021 to Sep 2021. The outputs expected are Protocol, Process and promotion document for dissemination. It is interested to develop the protocol in the context of pandemic and see this opportunity for advancing its mission of Man making and Nation Building. The purpose of this note is to seek opinion on the yoga protocol built on Common yoga protocol for elders for better outcome.

 

2.0.            Context : Older persons and persons with pre-existing medical conditions (such as high blood pressure, heart disease, lung disease, cancer or diabetes) appear to develop COVID 19 more often than others. Older people don't have as strong an immune system so they are more vulnerable to infectious disease.. Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, in its report on impact of COVID 19, confirm that fatality rate was gradually increasing with the age. An emerging theme in corona virus pathogenesis is that the interaction between specific viral genes and the host immune system, specifically the innate immune system, functions as a key determinant in regulating virulence and disease outcomes4. As a result, boosting innate immunity of the human populations is seriously considered as one of the potential strategies worldwide to combat the catastrophe.

 

3.0.            Literature Review : The Common Yoga Protocol is a generic document that details yoga procedures to be followed by all segments of the population. It serves as a fundamental text to the beginners of the yoga practice irrespective age and ailments. In the present context of COVID 19, there is an immense need to evolve a yoga protocol, specifically targeting the most vulnerable categories of the population.

 

Available research evidences prove that yoga give positive support to the person with acute or chronic diseases by maximizing implementation combination of yoga asanas, pranayama and meditation. Yoga increased amount of antibody that are IgA, salivary cortisol, SOD, leukocyte, eosinophils, monocytes, CD56 and stimulate inflammatory response namely, IL-1β, IL-10, IL-6, CRP, EC-SOD, NF-κB and IRF, glucocorticoid receptor, cAMP, and sTNF-RII5.

4.0.            Definition of the problem and categorisation: For a surprisingly large segment of the older population, chronological age is not a relevant marker for understanding, measuring, or experiencing healthy aging.Vivekananda Kendra, in association with its partner organisations, in 2019, undertook a formative research on the status of the elderly people in Rameswaram of Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu. Findings of the study were in conformity to the results of research work published by Lowsky et al. Vivekananda Kendra, through further analysis of the research findings has classified the elderly into three categories namely independent, dependent and despondent. Characteristics of the three categories based on immunity and level of vulnerability to diseases such as COVID 198.

Table 1: Characteristics of three categories of the elderly

Category

Broader characteristics

Immunity

Vulnerability

Independent

able to carry on their activities of daily living without any support They are productive. They are mobile

Normal health or pre-Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs)

Better immunity

Less vulnerable to COVID 19 and other viral diseases

Dependent

Able to carry on their activities of daily living with medical/health support. Can be productive. Restricted mobility

Diseased with NCDs (Hypertension, Arthritis, diabetes etc.)

Declining immunity

More vulnerable

Despondent

Unable to carry on their activities of daily living without support due advanced age or chronic ailments– they are usually Homebound or bedridden

Advanced stage of NCDs, senility problems

Deteriorated immunity

Highly vulnerable

 

All the elderly people are characterised by unique immune system due to multiple factors which calls for classification and categorisation based on criteria to adopt different protocol for exercising yogic practices. For example, for the independent category of elderly, yoga needs to introduced as a lifestyle practice to enhance immunity. In case of dependent category of elderly, the yoga interventions should aim at addressing the existing diseases and should take a therapeutic form. Focus for despondent category of elderly will be to reduce agony rather than curing the diseases due to the advanced level of the diseases and the yoga interventions take palliative form here.

Mobility and Immunity are the two parameters considered for elders’ vulnerability in categorising them. The factors which were taken for consideration of tests and yoga technique were functionality, flexibility, muscular and Balance and for the immunity the subjective parameters namely communicable, non-communicable diseases, organs functionality (capacity to take or evacuate food), wound healing time, time taken for curing ailments and also the immunoglobulin (IgA (respiratory and digestive tract), IgE ( allergens), IgM (blood and lymph fluid) and IgD) levels. Besides the above research studies done, ranking based on the vulnerability of the elders were taken into account for evolving the yoga technique. These short-listing will be further narrowed / expanded based on the experimentation during implementation

 

5.0.             Protocol documentation: A protocol is a mandatory set of decision-making rules/instructions/standards based on best practice specific to a specific Practice. A Protocol defines a set of Procedures or steps to be followed for the accomplishment of a given task. We have evolved the Community Yoga protocol for elders short-listing the review of existing literature based on the availability of tests for mobility and immunity and in consultation from practitioners from different schools. Process of listing the protocol was based on the research articles. The following are the salient features.

S.No

Particulars

Explanation

1

Style of yoga

A style with an explicit emphasis on safety is critical for therapeutic use. Ashtanga yoga (Moral codes/Self-purification and study / Posture/ Breathing/ Internal listening/ Concentration/ Meditation/State of unity.

2

Dose and delivery of yoga

How much yoga needs to be practiced each week (frequency per week and minutes per session) and for how long (total number of weeks) to achieve optimal benefits.

3

Components of the yoga intervention

Loosening Exercises, Asanas, Pranayama, Kriyas , Bandhas and Mudras

4

Specific class sequences

Standardized sequences are more reproducible, progressively more difficult, given the variability in abilities that might exist within different groups of participants?

5

Dealing with modifications

Adaptation based on Physical constraints - Chair Variation and life style modifications

6

Selection of instructors

Training of Instructors

7

Facilitation of home practice

Home practice book with an app for practice. 

8

Measurement of intervention fidelity over time.

Checklists should be developed that specify the critical and minimum components of the intervention - to reduce risk of injury.

Table 2 : Yoga protocol components

(Source :https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3468844/)

 

6.0.             Features of Yoga Protocol: The whole protocol is mainly for increasing mobility, flexibility and innate Immunity in elders. Considering above points we have created yoga protocol with the practices which can be done sitting in chair or taking support of chair / nearby any object like table, wall or a person nearby can give support. For these categories of elders, we have given Micro exercises and very simple loosening exercises for all parts of body, Pranayam, Sound Vibration therapy in the form of A kar, U kar, M kar, AUM kar and Om kar sound.  

Following are the main points we have emphasised in the yoga protocol for all three categories of elder. 

Mantra and Prarthana ( A Kar, U kar, M kar , AUM kar and Om kar sound.  Starting and closing Prayer with Surya Namaskar Mantra with Bija Mantra)

Mantra are having packed up energy in it, and when chant loudly the energy of the Mantra get releases and it create positive impact on our system along with Mind and emotions. Also Mantra stimulate our endocrine system to secret positive enzyme in the body.   

Micro Exercises (Sukshma Vyayam)- These are for giving movement to all small joints and related group of muscles of the body. Micro exercises are less or no strenuous compare to other conventional exercises. The elderly people can easily understand and follow the practices.  

Breathing Exercises: To understand and correct minor or major defect like speed, shallowness, mild jerks and haphazardness in the breathing. Breathing exercises are most important part in any yoga protocol. Breathing should be slow, smooth, deep and continuous in any breathing exercise. And such breathing helps to enhance lung capacity and increases elasticity of lung.  

Loosening Exercises: Loosening exercises which we have selected in all three protocol is very much elderly friendly. So that all the people will do it without any difficulty. Loosening exercises are meant for loosen the different group of muscles which also helps for better blood circulation. It also useful for better mobility and flexibility.      

Simple Shavasana: It is important for cooling down the stimulation caused by exercises and asana. Cool down system / body works and shows more better functions and mobility. Another important dimension of Shavasana is, its help to relax stressed up mind.

Chair Surya Namaskar : Surya Namaskar is a chain of different asana / postures doing continuously. Doing normal Surya Namaskar may be difficult for elderly or all cannot do it because of their limitation for it. As Surya-namaskar is good for Increasing mobility, Stamina, Flexibility and agility and helpful for Pranic (Vital energy) and Mental Balance. A new form of Surya-namaskar, i.e. Chair Surya Namaskar with same concept has been introduce in these protocol mainly for Independent and Dependent category. 

Agnisara Kriya: Is helpful to strengthen Digestive system of body and it also reduces the accumulation of gases which is a regular problem for elders.

Yogasana : Basically asana is meant to strengthen the tissues and organs of the physical body. Along with this it also develop forbearing capacity of mind, which very much requirement of elders to overcome boredom and loneliness. In the protocol we have selected the asana which are very easy and less or no strenuous for elders. Also we have seen that every asana shall be maintain only for 15 to 30 Secs depending on individual capacity.

Pranayama & Kriya: Pranayama is to correct pranic imbalances and strengthen the Pranamaya Kosha (Vital Energy sheath) which governs the different functions of our life. And Kriya are useful to cleanse the internal body.

In these protocols we have selected and introduce the practices which will help to cleanse respiratory track of practitioners and then by simple and less strenuous pranayama practices with easy method for doing it.

Meditation: This is for quieten down the mind and emotion. As the age grow our body is less active but mind and emotions are active or over active. Because of this imbalances the person became irritated, bored and he / she may lose interest in life and in many cases the suicidal tendencies get crops up. Also irritation, Boredom, and non interest in life percolate down in Pranamaya Kosha and then all sorts of Psycho-somatic ailments get generate in Physical body.

To arrest this chain there are two ways method one is slowing down the speed of mind and expansion of understanding. And meditation is for slowing down and then to stop the mind. Many kinds of meditation techniques are available in the field of yoga. Out of which we have selected the 'NAM JAPA' for which we used primordial sound of universe i.e. OM as a mantra for NAM JAPA. And NAM JAPA is a tool for mind to deep into meditation. 

Silence: Allowing our mind to go in to zone of silence, it is most important part of Yoga. It is only because silence is the seat for happiness. We need to train our mind to go in No-mind state (Silence) and enjoy it for happy life.

Sankalpa (Resolution) - In Sankalpa, there is tremendous strength, it just like accumulated water can create energy. Repeated Sankalpa get rooted in Subconscious mind (Sushupti Avastha) and it start working on our conscious (Jagrut Avastha) and then percolating down in physical body.  Sankalpa can be taken when our conscious state of mind dwell into the silence. Sankalpa should be in minimum words 5 to 7 words and positive in nature.

The above practices will be administered sequentially over a period covering all the techniques starting with easy to difficult techniques considering their vulnerability and maximisation of benefits.

7.0. Selection of Trainers and training of Instructors: Practitioners who are pursuing the yoga as a way of life will be taken from Kendra family / fraternity. They will be oriented on the tests to be administered, methodology to track the progress and for administration of the practice ( yoga technique).  Besides this, they will enable the elderly to practice the same with modifications (adaptations in way of life) and at home.

8.0. Way forward: Expert opinions on the above is called for to incorporate the relevant practices in the protocol

 

 

 

 

 

Yoga Protocol for Elderly People (Independent) : 45 to 60 Mins

 

SL.NO

YOGA PRACTICES

ROUNDS

DURATION

 

1

Prayer

 1 Minute

 

2

Breathing and Loosening Exercises (Any 8 to 10 practices per day)

 

 

Hand In & Out Breathing

5 to 10 Repetitions

10 Minutes

 

 

Ankle Joint Stretch

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Knee Joint Stretch                    

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Knee Joint Rotation(CW &ACW)  

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Waist Rotation (CW &ACW)  

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Side Bending

5 to 10 Repetitions

                           

 

Spinal Twisting

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Shoulder Rotation

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Neck Movement

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Tiger Breathing

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Butterfly Stretch   (SL & BL )                                   

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Straight Leg Raising                     

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

JatharParivartanasana

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Pawana Muktasana Stretch                     

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Folded Leg Lumbar Stretch

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

SetuBandhasana

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

Shavasana

 

2 Minute

 

4

Chair Suryanamaskar

4 Rounds

3 Minutes

 

5

Agnisara Kriya  

2 - 3 Rounds

1 Minute

 

6

Yogasana Practices (any 5-7 asana every day)  

 

 

 

Ardh Kati Chakrasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

10 Minutes

 

 

ArdhaChakrasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

Vakrasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

ArdhaUshtrasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

Bhujansana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

Shalabhasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

ArdhaHalasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

Markatasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

Setubandhasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

Sarala Matsyasana

1 Round : 15 to 30 Secs

 

6

Pranayama & Meditation

 

 

 

 

Alternate Nostril Kapalbhati

60 Strokes x 2 Rounds

3 Minutes

 

Sectional Breathing             

(3Types x 3 Rounds each)

3 Minutes

 

NadiShuddhi

10 to 15 rounds

3 Minutes

 

 

Bhramari

5 rounds

2 Minutes

 

 

Om Kar Japa(Ahat&Anahat)  

2 min Ahat & 1 Min Anahat

3 Minutes

 

 

Silence (1 Mins)

2 Minute

2 Minutes

 

 

Sankalpa

1 Minute

 

7

Closing Prayer

 

1 Minute

 

Total

 45 Minutes 

 

 

Yoga Protocol for Elderly People (Dependent) : 30 to 45 Mins

 

SL.NO

YOGA PRACTICES

ROUNDS

DURATION

 

FOR 1st Week

 

1

Prayer

 1 Minute

 

2

Breathing and Loosening Exercises (Any 10 to 12 practices in a day)

 

 

Hand In & Out Breathing

5 to 10 Repetitions

13 Minutes

 

 

Hand Stretch Breathing  

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Ankle Rotation

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Waist Rotation  (CW & ACW )                

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Forward and backward Bending

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Spinal Twisting

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Trikonasana Stretching

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Shoulder Rotation

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Neck Movement ( 4 Variations )

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Tiger Breathing

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Butterfly Stretch   (SL & BL )                                   

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

OM kar Sound

5 times

 

 

Bhujangasana  Stretch

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Shalabhasana  Stretch

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Straight Leg Raising with A kar sound                

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Folded Leg Lumbar Stretch

5 to 10 Repetitions

 

 

Cycling

Clock wise - 20 &  ACW -10

 

3

Simple Shavasana

 

1 Minute

 

4

Chair Suryanamaskar

2 Rounds

3 Minutes

 

5

Agnisara Kriya  

2 Rounds

2 Minutes

 

6

Quick Relaxation Technique (QRT)

 

4 Minutes

 

 

Alternate Nostril Kapalbhati

60 Strokes x 2 Rounds

3 Minutes

 

 

Sectional Breathing             

(3Types x 3 Rounds each)

3 Minutes

 

7

Silence (1 Mins)

1Minute

1 Minute

 

8

Sankalpa

5 times in Anahat

1 Min

 

9

Closing Prayer

 

1 Minute

 

 FOR SECOND WEEK

 

 

 

1

Prayer

1 Min

 

2

Chair Surya Namaskar

2-4 rounds

3 Min

 

3

Agnisara Kriya  

2 Rounds

2 Minutes

 

4

Yogasana (Any 5-6 Asana per day)

 

 

 

Ardha Kati Chakrasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

10 Mins

 

 

Vrikshasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

Shashankasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

ArdhaUshtrasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

 

 

Vakrasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

SaralDhanurasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

Setubandhasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

 

Pawan Muktasana

1 time : 15 to 30 Secs

 

5

Quick Relaxation Technique (QRT)

 

4 Minutes

 

6

Pranayama & Meditation

 

 

 

 

Alternate Nostril Kapalbhati

60 Strokes x 2 Rounds

3 Minutes

 

Sectional Breathing             

(3Types x 3 Rounds each)

3 Minutes

 

 

Nadi Shuddhi

10 to 15 rounds

5 Minutes

 

Bhramari

5 rounds

2 Minutes

 

 

Om Kar Japa (Ahat &Anahat)  

2 Min Ahat & 1 Min Anahat

3 Minutes

 

Silence (1 Mins)

1Minute

2 Minutes

 

8

Sankalpa

5 times in Anahat

1 Min

 

9

Closing Prayer

 

1 Minute

 

From 3rd week onward mix the practices and keep on changing them every day and set the class for 45 Mins to 60 Mins.
Following practices are compulsory for every day                                                                                                                   1. Chair Surya Namaskar - two rounds  2. Quick Relaxation Technique 3. KapalBhati   4. NadiSuddhi 5. Bhramari 6. Silence 7. Sankalp

 

 

 


 

 

 

Practices Modified and performed sitting on Chair or lying on bed or

with the support of wall or table or chair

 

 

Yoga Protocol for Elderly People - Despondent (15 – 20 minutes)

 

SL.NO

YOGA PRACTICES

ROUNDS

DURATION

 

1st day practices

 

 

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

SukshmaVyayam (Micro Exercises) :: Sitting on Chair    

 

 

Finger Strengthening               

  5 times

 

  12minute

 

 

 

Wrist Joint Rotation (Alternate hand)  

  5 times

 

 

Upper Arms Strengthening   (Front, Side & Upward))                

  5 times each

 

 

Shoulder Movements Up-Down, Back-Front & Rotations) 

  5 times each

 

 

Neck Movements                                                              (Back & Front , Right & Left Bending , Right & Left Twisting )

  5 times each 

 

 

Toes Bending                         

  5 times

 

 

Ankle Stretching (Single & Both Legs) 

  5 times

 

 

Knee Joint Stretching                       

5 times each

 

 

Butterfly Stretch                                                   

 10 times

 

 

Sit-Ups (without support)  

5 times

 

3

Simple Shavasana  

2 Mins

 

4

Deep Breathing

5 rounds

1 Min

 

5

OM Kar Sounds

5 rounds

1 Min

 

6

Prayers

1 Min

 

2nd day practices

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

SukshmaVyayam (Micro Exercises) :: Sitting on Chair  :: Repeat all the practices of 1st day

10 Mins

 

3

Simple Shavasana  

2 Mins

 

4

Single Nostril Kapalbhati

20 st each

1 Min

 

Deep Breathing

5 rounds

1 Min

 

5

Om kar Japa (Ahat)

1 Min

1 Min

 

6.

Silence

1 Min

1  MIn

 

7.

Prayers

1 mIn

 

3rd day practices

 

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

Breathing & Loosening Exercises(Sitting on Chair)

 

 

 

Hand In & Out Breathing                     

5 times

 

 

 

12 minutes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hand Stretch Breathing  (90% & 180%)                               

5 times each

 

 

Back Bending Stretch                    

5 times

 

 

Forward Bending                       

5 times

 

 

Side Bending                               

3 Rounds

 

 

Spinal Twisting             

3 Rounds

 

 

Pawan Muktasana

5 times

 

 

AshwaSanchalanasana

5 times

 

3

Simple Shavasana  

2 Mins

 

4

Deep Breathing

5 rounds

1 Min

 

5

OM Kar Sounds

5 rounds

1 Min

 

6

Prayers

1 Min

 

4thday practices

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

Shoulder Exercises and Mudra :

 

 

Shoulder Stretching(Vertical)  

5 times

12 minutes

 

 

Shoulder Stretching ( Horizontal)                                            

5 times

 

 

Gomukhasana Shoulder Stretching                          

5 Rounds

 

 

Spiral Rotation of hands circles clockwise & Anti clockwise by alternate hand)

2-4 Circles

 

 

Chin Mudra Breathing          

 5-10 times 

 

 

Vayu Mudra Breathing       

  5-10 times 

 

 

Ashwini Mudra    followed by MulaBadha One time  

5 times

 

 

Agnisara Kriya     followed by     Uddiyan Bandha  : 2 times

2 rounds   

 

 3

Nada Anusandhana (A Kar - U Kar - M Kar - AUM kar )3 rounds each                               

2-3 Mins

 

4

Om Kar Japa   (Ahat&Anahat)

2 Mins

2 Mins

 

 5

Silence

1 Mins

1 Min 

 

6

Sankalpa

5 times

1 Min

 

7

Prayers

1 Min

 

5thday practices

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

Loosening &Strengthening Exercises with the support

 

 

Ankle Rotation (Alternate legs)  

5-10 times

12 minutes

 

 

Trikonasana

10-20 Secs holding

 

 

Vrikshasana

10-20 Secs holding

 

 

Utkatasana with wall Support                                               

 5Secs Holding

 

 

ParshwaTanasana  (With Wall Support)                       

5-10 Sec Holding

 

 

Wall Support Chaturanga (Plank )

5 times

 

 

Trikonasana Leg Stretching (Leg on the stool)  

3-5 times

 

 

Virabhadrasana   (Warrior Pose)                                            

15-30 Secs holding

 

 

Walking on the lines          

3-5 mitres

 

 

Walking on the line   (With Book on the head)              

3-5 mitres

 

 3

Nada Anusandhana (A Kar - U Kar - M Kar - AUM kar )

3 rounds each

3 Mins

 

4

Om Kar Japa   (Ahat & Anahat)

2 Mins

2 Mins

 

 5

Silence

1 Mins

1 Min 

 

6

Sankalpa

5 times

1 Min

 

7

Prayers

 

1 Min

 

6thday practices

 

1

StartingPrayers  : OM Sahana Vavatu

 

1 Minute..

 

2

Loosening & Stretching Exercises in Supine Posture (Lying on the BED) :

 

 

Hand In & Out Breathing                     

5 times

12 Minutes

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Hand Raising Breathing               

 5 Times

 

 

Neck Twisting                               

3 Rounds

 

 

Straight Leg Raising             

3 Rounds

 

 

Pawan Muktasana (Alternate Legs)  

3 times each

 

 

SetuBandhasana

3  times

 

 

Folded Leg Lumbar stretch (Alternate Leg )

3 times each

 

 

Folded Leg Lumbar stretch (Both Legs Together)

3 times 

 

3

Simple Shavasana      Breathing 5 times & 3 times OM kar sound

 3 Minutes

 

4

Pranayama                                                                    

 

 

Single Nostril Kapalbhati

20 Strokes each

  5 minutes

 

 

 

 

 

NadiShuddhi

5 rounds

 

 

Sukha Pranayama(Deep Breathing) 

 

 

Bhramari

5 rounds

 

5

Om Kar Japa   (Ahat&Anahat)

2 Mins

2 Mins

 

6

Silence

1 Mins

1 Min 

 

7

Sankalpa

5 times

1 Min

 

8

Closing Prayers :SarveBhavantuSukhinah……..                       

 

1 Min

 

 

Note:

Repeat all the days practices in same way from 2nd week onward.  for a month. And in 2nd month onward time can be increased by 10  mins and daily schedule can be for 30 Mins duration in which





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